Managing Agitation and Restlessness

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Restlessness and agitation can be distressing for both the patient and their loved ones, but understanding the causes and effective management strategies can help alleviate discomfort and promote a sense of peace.

Understanding Restlessness and Agitation:

Symptoms can range from mild restlessness and confusion to more pronounced agitation, including yelling, moaning, or even attempts to get out of bed.
Restlessness and agitation can stem from a variety of factors, including:
- Physical Discomfort: Pain, difficulty breathing, bowel or bladder issues, and temperature fluctuations can all contribute.
- Medication Side Effects: Some medications, particularly opioids, can cause restlessness or agitation as a side effect.
- Metabolic Imbalances: Organ failure and changes in body chemistry can affect brain function, leading to agitation.
- Emotional Distress: Fear, anxiety, and spiritual or emotional distress can also play a role.
- Sensory Changes: Vision or hearing loss can lead to confusion and agitation.

Managing Restlessness and Agitation:

Identify Underlying Causes: It’s crucial to work with the hospice team to identify and address any reversible causes of agitation.
Create a Calm Environment: Reducing noise and visual stimuli, providing soft lighting, and ensuring a comfortable temperature can help.
Provide Reassurance and Support: Speak in a calm, reassuring voice, offer gentle touch, and remind the patient that they are safe and loved.
Medication Management: Hospice professionals can prescribe medications to manage pain, anxiety, or restlessness.
Positioning and Support: Adjusting positioning, providing pillows for support, and offering relaxation techniques like massage can promote comfort.
Stay Present: Remaining with the patient as much as possible can provide comfort and reassurance.

When to Call Your Care Team:

Report any changes in the patient’s behavior or increased restlessness to your Hospice Team.